{"id":48835,"date":"2026-01-20T15:34:05","date_gmt":"2026-01-20T14:34:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mylav.net\/?p=48835"},"modified":"2026-01-20T16:00:06","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T15:00:06","slug":"novi-virusi-pri-psih-in-mackah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mylav.net\/sl\/blog-sl\/novi-virusi-pri-psih-in-mackah\/","title":{"rendered":"Novi virusi pri psih in ma\u010dkah"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po podatkih Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije (WHO) so porajajo\u010de nalezljive bolezni opredeljene kot \u00bbbolezni, ki jih povzro\u010dajo na novo odkriti ali doslej neznani patogeni in ki predstavljajo gro\u017enjo za javno zdravje tako na lokalni kot na mednarodni ravni<\/em>\u00ab.\u00a0Ta opredelitev je v celoti uporabna tudi na podro\u010dju veterinarske medicine.<\/p>\n

V zadnjih letih so \u2013 predvsem zaradi naprednih molekularno-biolo\u0161kih tehnik, kot je sekvenciranje nove generacije (next-generation sequencing<\/em> \u2013 NGS) \u2013 odkrili \u0161tevilne nove viruse pri psih in ma\u010dkah. Nekateri virusi, ki so znani \u017ee vrsto let, pa so se v zadnjih letih geografsko raz\u0161irili ali pa se je izrazito pove\u010dala incidenca klini\u010dnih primerov.<\/p>\n

Med parvovirusi si poleg klasi\u010dnih sevov pasjega parvovirusa (CPV) in ma\u010djega parvovirusa (FPV) (Carnivore protoparvovirus 1<\/em>) poglobljeno obravnavo zagotovo zaslu\u017eita bufavirus in bokaparvovirus.<\/p>\n

Bufavirus pri psu<\/strong>\u00a0(CBuV)\u00a0in ma\u010dki<\/strong>\u00a0(FBuV) (Carnivore protoparvovirus 3<\/em>) sta razvr\u0161\u010dena kot novi samostojni virusni vrsti znotraj rodu Protoparvovirus<\/em>. CBuV so prvi\u010d izolirali leta 2011 v leglu petmese\u010dnih pasjih mladi\u010dev, ki so zboleli za boleznijo dihal, FBuV pa leta 2017 pri ma\u010dkah, ki so kazale respiratorne in\/ali enteri\u010dne simptome. Pri doma\u010dih mesojedih (psih in ma\u010dkah) se domneva, da bufavirusi raje napadajo dihala, vendar obstajajo tudi objavljeni dokazi o njihovi vlogi pri oku\u017ebah prebavil.<\/p>\n

Bokavirusi<\/strong> povzro\u010dajo obolenja pri razli\u010dnih \u017eivalskih vrstah; pri ma\u010dkah poznamo ve\u010d vrst teh virusov. Ma\u010dje bokaparvoviruse<\/strong>\u00a0(FBoV) so bili prvi\u010d potrjeni leta 2012 v Hongkongu in zajemajo tri glavne seve: FBoV-1, FBoV-2 in FBoV-3. Med njimi je FBoV-1 (Carnivore bocaparvovirus 1<\/em>) dokazano povzro\u010ditelj enteritisa, saj je bil povezan s hudimi oblikami driske pri ma\u010dki.<\/p>\n

Astrovirusi pri psih<\/strong>\u00a0(CAstV) in ma\u010dkah<\/strong>\u00a0(FAstV) so zelo raz\u0161irjeni v obeh populacijah. Zlasti pri CAstV so raziskave pokazale bistveno vi\u0161jo pojavnost pri ku\u017ekih z znaki gastroenteritisa kot pri zdravih mladi\u010dih, prav tako pa je koli\u010dina izlo\u010denega virusa neposredno povezana z resnostjo klini\u010dnih simptomov. Pri ma\u010dkah ti virusi pogosto poslab\u0161ajo klini\u010dno sliko oku\u017eb, ki jih povzro\u010dajo drugi patogeni, zlasti ma\u010dji parvovirus (FPV).<\/p>\n

Delci astrovirusa, posneti z elektronskim mikroskopom.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Rotavirusi<\/strong> skupine A so odgovorni za pojav driske<\/strong> pri \u0161tevilnih \u017eivalskih vrstah, vklju\u010dno s psi in ma\u010dkami. Posebej ma\u010dji rotavirusi <\/strong>so klini\u010dno in epidemiolo\u0161ko pomembni ne le zaradi vpliva na zdravje ma\u010dk, temve\u010d tudi zaradi mo\u017enosti prenosa na ljudi, saj so bili ma\u010dji sevi, zlasti genotipov G3P[9] in G6P[8], ve\u010dkrat povezani z obse\u017enimi izbruhi rotavirusne oku\u017ebe pri otrocih po vsem svetu.<\/p>\n

\u0160e en virus, ki ga povezujejo z enteritisom pri ma\u010dkah, je ma\u010dji cirkovirus <\/strong>(FeCV), podobno kot pri pasjem cirkovirusu<\/strong> (CaCV), katerega patogena vloga pri nastanku akutne driske<\/strong> dobro dokumentirana v literaturi.\u00a0Pasji cirkovirus (CaCV) sam sicer ni glavni povzro\u010ditelj bolezni, a pomembno poslab\u0161a oku\u017ebo, \u010de je pes hkrati oku\u017een s pasjim parvovirusom (CPV) ali pasjim koronavirusom. Raziskave patogenosti ma\u010djega cirkovirusa (FeCV) so sicer \u0161e v teku, vendar dosedanje ugotovitve nakazujejo, da se biolo\u0161ko obna\u0161a podobno kot cirkovirus pri psih.<\/p>\n

Ma\u010dji morbilivirus<\/strong> (FeMV) vzbuja nara\u0161\u010dajo\u010do pozornost v klini\u010dni veterinarski praksi. Gre za virus, ki je antigensko soroden virusu, ki povzro\u010da pasjo kugo, ter virusu o\u0161pic pri \u010dloveku. Posebej pogosto se \u0161iri med ma\u010dkami v kolonijah in vzrejali\u0161\u010dih, kjer se prena\u0161a preko stika z oku\u017eenim urinom.\u00a0Raziskave so pokazale povezavo med FeMV in kroni\u010dno ledvi\u010dno boleznijo (CKD)<\/strong> pri ma\u010dkah, pri \u010demer povzro\u010da predvsem tubulo-intersticijski nefritis \u2013 vnetje ledvi\u010dnih tubulov in medceli\u010dnega tkiva, ki s\u010dasoma vodi do postopne izgube ledvi\u010dne funkcije. V za\u010detnih fazah oku\u017eba pogosto poteka brez o\u010ditnih simptomov ali pa se ka\u017ee le z blagimi, nespecifi\u010dnimi znaki; izraziti klini\u010dni znaki se pojavijo \u0161ele ob \u017ee napredovali okvari ledvic in vklju\u010dujejo poliurijo\/polidipsijo, izgubo telesne te\u017ee ter letargijo.<\/p>\n

\u0160e en nastajajo\u010di virus pri ma\u010dkah<\/strong>\u00a0je Domestic cat hepadnavirus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(DCH); prvi\u010d so ga odkrili leta 2018 v Avstraliji in je v daljnem sorodstvu z virusom hepatitisa B, ki ga poznamo pri ljudeh. Domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) je bil dokazan tako v krvi kot v jetrnem tkivu, pri \u010demer je prevalenca bistveno vi\u0161ja pri ma\u010dkah z retrovirusno oku\u017ebo (FIV\/FeLV) in pri tistih s spremenjenimi jetrnimi parametri. Virus je namre\u010d neposredno povezan z okvaro jeter.
\nPri ma\u010dkah s spremenjenim hematokemi\u010dnim profilom, ki ka\u017ee na jetrno okvaro<\/strong>, je verjetnost oku\u017ebe z DCH pribli\u017eno trikrat vi\u0161ja kot pri ma\u010dkah z normalnimi jetrnimi parametri. Podobno kot pri oku\u017ebi z virusom hepatitisa B (HBV) pri \u010dloveku lahko tudi oku\u017eba z DCH spro\u017ei imunsko posredovan kroni\u010dni hepatitis<\/strong>, ki ga zaznamujejo progresivna nekroza, regeneracija in fibroza jeter. Brez ustreznega zdravljenja lahko bolezen napreduje v cirozo in jetroceli\u010dni karcinom.<\/p>\n

Na koncu velja omeniti dva nevrotropna virusa, ki med doma\u010dimi mesojedimi \u017eivalmi najpogosteje prizadeneta ma\u010dke:\u00a0Virus Borna<\/strong>\u00a0(BoDV) in\u00a0virus Rustrela<\/strong>\u00a0(RusV).\u00a0Oba virusa najdemo v dolo\u010denih \u017eivalskih vrstah, ki slu\u017eijo kot naravni “rezervoar” za oku\u017ebe, predvsem pri krtih in divjih glodalcih. Vendar pa ima BoDV \u0161ir\u0161i spekter gostiteljev, saj ne prizadene le doma\u010dih in divjih ma\u010dk, temve\u010d lahko oku\u017ei tudi \u0161tevilne druge sesalce, vklju\u010dno z ljudmi, ter ptice.
\nPrimeri nevrolo\u0161kih bolezni, ki jih povzro\u010data virusa BoDV in RusV, so pri ma\u010dkah dokaj pogosti, medtem so pri psih precej redki in omejeni izklju\u010dno na oku\u017ebo z BoDV. Ma\u010dke se oku\u017eijo predvsem zato, ker lovijo naravne prena\u0161alce teh virusov. Druge poti prenosa, kot je stik z izlo\u010dki oku\u017eenih krtov in glodavcev, sicer niso povsem izklju\u010dene, a veljajo za veliko manj verjetne.
\nBoDV (virus Borna) je raz\u0161irjen po zelo obse\u017enem geografskem obmo\u010dju, vendar se ve\u010dina potrjenih primerov bolezni pojavlja v srednji Evropi, zlasti v Nem\u010diji in sosednjih dr\u017eavah. Posamezne primere bolezni so opisali tudi v Italiji<\/strong>.
\nObmo\u010dje raz\u0161irjenosti RusV (virusa Rustrela) je bistveno bolj omejeno; kot ka\u017ee, se oku\u017eba pojavlja skoraj izklju\u010dno v srednji in severni Evropi. Vendar pa so v zadnjem \u010dasu potrdili zelo redke primere tudi pri divjih ma\u010dkah v Severni Ameriki.<\/p>\n

\u0160tevilne od teh novih virusnih povzro\u010diteljev bolezni je dandanes mogo\u010de zanesljivo iskati in identificirati s pomo\u010djo sodobnih molekularnih tehnik,<\/strong> ki so na voljo v laboratoriju Mylav<\/strong>\u00a0(podrobnosti o novostih v ponudbi preiskav so na voljo v ceniku Mylav 2026).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Priporo\u010dena literatura<\/strong><\/p>\n

Beikpour F, Letafati A, Fakhr ZA, Decaro N, Mozhgani SH. Canine circovirus: an emerging virus of dogs and wild canids. Ir Vet J. 2025 Feb 8;78(1):5. doi: 10.1186\/s13620-025-00290-7.<\/p>\n

Capozza P, Buonavoglia A, Pratelli A, Martella V, Decaro N. Old and Novel Enteric Parvoviruses of Dogs. Pathogens. 2023 May 16;12(5):722. doi: 10.3390\/pathogens12050722.<\/p>\n

Capozza P, Decaro N, Beikpour F, Buonavoglia C, Martella V. Emerging Hepatotropic Viruses in Cats: A Brief Review. Viruses. 2021 Jun 17;13(6):1162. doi: 10.3390\/v13061162.<\/p>\n

Capozza P, Martella V, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Emerging Parvoviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses. 2021 Jun 4;13(6):1077. doi: 10.3390\/v13061077.<\/p>\n

Choi EJ, Ortega V, Aguilar HC. Feline Morbillivirus, a New Paramyxovirus Possibly Associated with Feline Kidney Disease. Viruses. 2020 May 1;12(5):501. doi: 10.3390\/v12050501.<\/p>\n

Fukuda Y, Kusuhara H, Takai-Todaka R, Haga K, Katayama K, Tsugawa T. Human transmission and outbreaks of feline-like G6 rotavirus revealed with whole-genome analysis of G6P[9] feline rotavirus. J Med Virol. 2024 Apr;96(4):e29565. doi: 10.1002\/jmv.29565.<\/p>\n

Li Y, Gordon E, Idle A, Altan E, Seguin MA, Estrada M, Deng X, Delwart E. Virome of a Feline Outbreak of Diarrhea and Vomiting Includes Bocaviruses and a Novel Chapparvovirus. Viruses. 2020 May 4;12(5):506. doi: 10.3390\/v12050506.<\/p>\n

Li Y, Gordon E, Idle A, Hui A, Chan R, Seguin MA, Delwart E. Astrovirus Outbreak in an Animal Shelter Associated With Feline Vomiting. Front Vet Sci. 2021 Feb 11;8:628082. doi: 10.3389\/fvets.2021.628082.<\/p>\n

Lutz H, Addie DD, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink HF, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lutz M, Marsilio F, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Borna disease virus infection in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2015 Jul;17(7):631-5. doi: 10.1177\/1098612X15588452.<\/p>\n

Martella V, Moschidou P, Buonavoglia C. Astroviruses in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2011 Nov;41(6):1087-95. doi: 10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.09.001.<\/p>\n

Martella V, Potgieter AC, Lorusso E, De Grazia S, Giammanco GM, Matthijnssens J, B\u00e1nyai K, Ciarlet M, Lavazza A, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. A feline rotavirus G3P[9] carries traces of multiple reassortment events and resembles rare human G3P[9] rotaviruses. J Gen Virol. 2011 May;92(Pt 5):1214-1221. doi: 10.1099\/vir.0.027425-0.<\/p>\n

Matiasek K, Pfaff F, Weissenb\u00f6ck H, Wylezich C, Kolodziejek J, Tengstrand S, Ecke F, Nippert S, Starcky P, Litz B, Nessler J, Wohlsein P, Baumbach C, Mundhenk L, Aebischer A, Reiche S, Weidinger P, Olofsson KM, Rohdin C, Weissenbacher-Lang C, Matt J, Rosati M, Flegel T, H\u00f6rnfeldt B, H\u00f6per D, Ulrich RG, Nowotny N, Beer M, Ley C, Rubbenstroth D. Mystery of fatal ‘staggering disease’ unravelled: novel rustrela virus causes severe meningoencephalomyelitis in domestic cats. Nat Commun. 2023 Feb 4;14(1):624. doi: 10.1038\/s41467-023-36204-w.<\/p>\n

Pennisi MG, Bel\u00e1k S, Tasker S, Addie DD, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Hartmann K, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Lloret A, Marsilio F, Thiry E, Truyen U, M\u00f6stl K, Hosie MJ. Feline Morbillivirus: Clinical Relevance of a Widespread Endemic Viral Infection of Cats. Viruses. 2023 Oct 13;15(10):2087. doi: 10.3390\/v15102087.<\/p>\n

Vasinioti VI, Salvaggiulo A, Pellegrini F, Diakoudi G, Camero M, Mesquita JR, Gomes-de-S\u00e1 S, Buzdugan I, Savu\u0163a G, Elia G, Decaro N, Martella V, Lanave G. Feline Circovirus-1 in domestic cats: A multicentric European epidemiological study. Res Vet Sci. 2025 Nov;196:105920. doi: 10.1016\/j.rvsc.2025.105920.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nicola Decaro,\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>dr. vet. med., dr. vet. znanosti, dipl. ECVM, predsednik European College of Veterinary Microbiology, redni profesor za nalezljive bolezni \u017eivali na\u00a0\u00a0Oddelku za veterinarsko medicino, Univerza v Bariju \u2013 strokovnjak Mylav za virologijo in mikrobiologijo.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po podatkih Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije (WHO) so porajajo\u010de nalezljive bolezni opredeljene kot \u00bbbolezni, ki jih […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":48845,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[806],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-sl"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNovi virusi pri psih in ma\u010dkah - MyLav<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pregled novih in porajajo\u010dih virusov pri psih in ma\u010dkah, njihov klini\u010dni pomen, diagnostika ter vpliv na veterinarsko medicino in javno zdravje.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylav.net\/sl\/blog-sl\/novi-virusi-pri-psih-in-mackah\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Novi virusi pri psih in ma\u010dkah - 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