{"id":54229,"date":"2026-03-26T11:38:51","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:38:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mylav.net\/sem-categoria\/infestaciones-de-gatos-descuidados-filariasis\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T14:56:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T13:56:16","slug":"infestacoes-de-gatos-negligenciados-filariase","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mylav.net\/pt-pt\/blog\/infestacoes-de-gatos-negligenciados-filariase\/","title":{"rendered":"Infesta\u00e7\u00f5es de gatos negligenciados: filariase"},"content":{"rendered":"

Neste segundo cap\u00edtulo sobre doen\u00e7as infecciosas\/infestadoras negligenciadas em gatos, falamos sobre filariose, significando tanto infesta\u00e7\u00f5es cardiopulmonares causadas por Dirofilaria immitis<\/em> como infesta\u00e7\u00f5es subcut\u00e2neas causadas por Dirofilaria (Noctiella) repens. <\/em>Analisamos uma revis\u00e3o recente publicada no Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (Pennisi et al., JFMS (2020) 22: 442-451), para lhe dar alguma opini\u00e3o sobre estas doen\u00e7as que tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o generalizadas no nosso pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

As caracter\u00edsticas etiopatog\u00e9nicas e parasitol\u00f3gicas da dirofilariose felina n\u00e3o diferem da doen\u00e7a da dirofilariose canina. No entanto, embora o c\u00e3o seja o hospedeiro de elei\u00e7\u00e3o e desenvolva frequentemente microfilariaemia, necess\u00e1ria para a transmiss\u00e3o vetoral da parasitose, os gatos s\u00e3o hospedeiros acidentais\/imperfeitos e geralmente n\u00e3o apresentam microfilariaemia relevante. Apenas uma pequena percentagem da L3 inoculada por vetores consegue, de facto, atingir o est\u00e1gio adulto, em quase o dobro do tempo dos c\u00e3es (7-9 meses comparado com 4-6 meses); Al\u00e9m disso, o tamanho dos parasitas adultos nos gatos \u00e9 menor e raramente se reproduzem, pois infesta\u00e7\u00f5es com um n\u00famero suficiente de machos e f\u00eameas dificilmente ocorrem. Por fim, os vermes adultos em gatos vivem menos tempo do que os que parasitam os c\u00e3es.<\/p>\n

A propaga\u00e7\u00e3o da filariose felina sobrep\u00f5e-se \u00e0 filariose canina, estando ligada ao mesmo tipo de transmiss\u00e3o. No entanto, embora a forma cardiopulmonar nos c\u00e3es tenha diminu\u00eddo em termos de incid\u00eancia, devido \u00e0s atividades profil\u00e1ticas cada vez mais generalizadas, tem-se verificado uma propaga\u00e7\u00e3o insidiosa da forma subcut\u00e2nea menos grave causada por N. repens<\/u><\/em>. O aumento global das temperaturas e o estabelecimento de invernos cada vez mais amenos tamb\u00e9m favoreceram a propaga\u00e7\u00e3o de vetores (mosquitos dos g\u00e9neros Aedes<\/em> e Culex<\/em> em particular), mesmo em pa\u00edses anteriormente pouco afetados pelo problema (por exemplo, o Reino Unido e os pa\u00edses do Norte da Europa). Devido \u00e0 dificuldade de obter confirma\u00e7\u00e3o diagn\u00f3stica definitiva (ver abaixo), \u00e9 imposs\u00edvel estabelecer a verdadeira extens\u00e3o da propaga\u00e7\u00e3o destes parasitas em felinos dom\u00e9sticos.<\/p>\n

A patog\u00e9nese das les\u00f5es arteriais e pulmonares induzidas pela dirofilariose felina \u00e9 semelhante \u00e0 dos c\u00e3es; as les\u00f5es podem ser secund\u00e1rias \u00e0 infesta\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00f3nica, mas tamb\u00e9m \u00e0 morte de parasitas adultos, com a liberta\u00e7\u00e3o de fragmentos de bact\u00e9rias parasit\u00e1rias e endo-simbi\u00f3ticas (Wolbachi<\/em>a spp.), capazes de desencadear tromboembolismo pulmonar, rea\u00e7\u00f5es inflamat\u00f3rias pulmonares violentas e sist\u00e9micas, por vezes fatais. No entanto, a maioria dos gatos sofre de infesta\u00e7\u00f5es assintom\u00e1ticas ou com sinais cl\u00ednicos algo inespec\u00edficos (por exemplo, sintomas respirat\u00f3rios cr\u00f3nicos, v\u00f3mitos e anorexia).<\/p>\n

Figura 1. Algumas fil\u00e1rias adultas dentro das c\u00e2maras card\u00edacas de um gato.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

As formas subcut\u00e2neas de filariose s\u00e3o diagnosticadas raramente, visto que s\u00e3o quase sempre assintom\u00e1ticas: habitualmente, os parasitas s\u00e3o identificados no interior de les\u00f5es nodulares ap\u00f3s uma PAF (pun\u00e7\u00e3o-aspira\u00e7\u00e3o por agulha fina) ou acidentalmente durante cirurgias e exames histol\u00f3gicos.<\/p>\n

Devido aos v\u00e1rios aspetos acima descritos, o diagn\u00f3stico \u00e9 dif\u00edcil: detetar microfil\u00e1rias \u00e9 algo raro, ao passo que os testes de antig\u00e9nio cl\u00e1ssicos utilizados no c\u00e3o t\u00eam, no gato, uma baixa sensibilidade devido ao reduzido n\u00famero de parasitas adultos. Mais sens\u00edveis s\u00e3o, por outro lado, os testes indiretos, que permitem a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de doentes seropositivos, ou seja, que desenvolveram anticorpos contra os antig\u00e9nios parasit\u00e1rios. Pelas mesmas raz\u00f5es (pauciparasitismo), tamb\u00e9m a ecocardiografia, utilizada para detetar parasitas adultos nas c\u00e2maras card\u00edacas, n\u00e3o possui uma elevada sensibilidade (Ver esquema na Figura 3).<\/p>\n

Figura 2. Microfil\u00e1ria detetada acidentalmente durante um exame citol\u00f3gico num gato.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o existem tratamentos adulticidas aprovados e padronizados como para o c\u00e3o, at\u00e9 porque a maioria dos gatos se liberta da infesta\u00e7\u00e3o em poucos meses\/anos. Tratamentos cortis\u00f3nicos e cuidados intensivos s\u00e3o, por outro lado, indicados e necess\u00e1rios em caso de doentes com sintomas respirat\u00f3rios graves, choque e tromboembolismo. Nas \u00e1reas de risco, s\u00e3o indicados os tratamentos quimioprofil\u00e1ticos para prevenir o desenvolvimento de parasitas adultos, \u00e0 base de ivermectina, milbemicina oxima, moxidectina, selamectina e eprinomectina (princ\u00edpios ativos e respetivos produtos comerciais variam consoante o pa\u00eds).<\/p>\n

Figura 3. Esquema recomendado por Pennisi et al (JFMS 2020) para a abordagem diagn\u00f3stica \u00e0 filariose pulmonar do gato.<\/strong>”<\/p>\n

Teste de anticorpos + RX ao t\u00f3rax<\/p>\n

\u2199\ufe0f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u2198\ufe0f<\/p>\n

Ambos negativos\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pelo menos um positivo<\/p>\n

\u2b07\ufe0f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2b07\ufe0f<\/p>\n

Filariose cardiopulmonar\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Teste de antig\u00e9nio, Ecocardiografia<\/p>\n

improv\u00e1vel\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pesquisa de microfil\u00e1rias (Teste de Knott)<\/p>\n

\u2199\ufe0f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2b07\ufe0f<\/p>\n

Todos negativos: reavaliar diagn\u00f3stico e\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Pelo menos um positivo: Filariose cardiopulmonar confirmada<\/p>\n

repetir o teste ap\u00f3s, pelo menos, 1 m\u00eas<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Luigi Venco<\/strong>, m\u00e9dico veterin\u00e1rio. Especialista Europeu em Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria EBVS (Dipl. EVPC); Consultor da MYLAV.<\/p>\n

Walter Bertazzolo<\/strong>, m\u00e9dico veterin\u00e1rio. EBVS Especialista Europeu em Patologia Cl\u00ednica Veterin\u00e1ria (Dipl. ECVCP); Diretor Cient\u00edfico do MYLAV.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neste segundo cap\u00edtulo sobre doen\u00e7as infecciosas\/infestadoras negligenciadas em gatos, falamos sobre filariose, significando tanto infesta\u00e7\u00f5es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":54253,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1372,1370],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-maladies-infectieuses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nInfesta\u00e7\u00f5es de gatos negligenciados: filariase - MyLav<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylav.net\/pt-pt\/blog\/infestacoes-de-gatos-negligenciados-filariase\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Infesta\u00e7\u00f5es de gatos negligenciados: filariase - 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